美国留学常见问题

美国留学常见问题

在美国留学是令人兴奋的人，但也是有些令人困惑的体验。许多学生都提出了一些关于在美国学院或大学学习的来龙去脉的疑问。下面是为大家整理的一些最常问的问题以及一般的准则，以帮助大家入门，希望对大家有帮助。

　　问: 如何查找并了解关于课程的信息?

答：在的主页上，有一些课程专业介绍，能帮助你缩小你的搜索条件，从而找到你所需的课程。你可以搜索研究的领域，研究级别、 研究形式及位置地点。你可以使用这些搜索条件来寻找你想要的课程。

你也可以在相关的网站上的表格里填写你的要求，并附上你的联系信息。这样就能够与你联系并为你提供的信息。申请进程将随每个课程项目的不同而不同，但你可能需要填写一份申请表并缴纳申请费，其他按照具体学校的要求。你也可以直接与相关学校、项目的招生处联系，提出你的疑问，例如申请材料、 申请费用和申请期限等。

　　问: 我如何获得资金?

答：美国的教育费用可能很昂贵，甚至对美国本土的学生来说也是一样。对国际学生的资金援助选项可能很有限，大多数人最终依靠他们自己的资产以及亲戚资助。不过，也有为在美国留学的国际学生提供资金筹集的渠道。

最受欢迎的美国政府援助项目例如佩尔助学金和斯塔福德加贷款，但是这些不是提供给国际学生的。但是美国政府可能会对来自特定国家的学生提供援助。查查你本国的大使馆，美国国务院，还有你本国的美国国际开发署办公室以获得的信息。提供给国际学生的私人贷款与美国学生享有相同的条款。但是很多贷款，将需要一位美国公民或永久居民(绿卡持有者)作为共同签署人。

你本国的国家政府可能也有资金援助提供，虽然它通常要求你完成学业后回国。很多本地的私人组织，如企业、 基金会或宗教团体也可能提供资金援助。

同时有许多组织和机构也提供私人奖学金。奖学金是向符合特定资格的学生提供援助。不同于学生贷款，奖学金不需要偿还。你可以查看美国的教育经费以获得信息。

　　问: 我如何可以找到赞助者?

答：赞助者是一个第三方来提供资金支付你的教育费用。赞助者在美国并不常见，在你的本国可能是更容易找到。

赞助的替代方法是可以看看教育投资公司。在教育投资公司，学生同意向公司支付其毕业后收入的某个百分比以换取资金。现有的两个提供教育投资的公司是Lumni以及Enzi。

　　问: 我是否可以在美国留学期间同时在美国工作?

答：大多数美国国际学生是持有F-1签证，这意味着他们只可以在某些特定情况下在学习的同时参加工作。有五种类型的就业，根据美国公民和移民服务局(USCIS)以及你的学生签证的严格和复杂的规定，你可以寻找5种类型的工作：

校园内工作是在你的学院或大学的校园内参加。它不需要移民局的批准，但是工作机会有限，并且你可能不能单单依靠它来为你提供你一年所需的所有资金。

可选实践训练(OPT)是跟你的主要学习领域直接相关的校外工作。这将需要事先获得移民局和你学校的留学生办公室的批准。你也不得不遵循严格的指导规定。

课外实践培训(CPT)是与允许国际学生参加的校外工作，当这是他们学术课程的必要组成部分时。这被定义为实习或工作项目，由担保的雇主通过与你学校的合作协议提供。工作经验必须满足你的学位的要求，或必须授予学分。

严重的经济困难者允许你在校外工作，学期内最多达每周20小时，假期间可以全职工作，但是你需要能够提供你经济困难的证明，并且符合移民局某些准则。情况可能包括损失的财政援助或在校园就业无过错的学生或意外的更改部分生源的支持财务状况。

你可以在国际组织工作，这不受限制，但需要是美国国务院列出的承认的国际组织，如红十字会或其他类似但少人知的组织。这项工作必须在你的研究领域，但并不一定要是你学位的所需部分。

一旦你开始你的学习，就查一查你的学院或大学的国际学生办公室，获得有关工作的指导以及信息。

　　问: 我如何可以找到住房?

答：先从你的学校的校园住宿办公室开始，那里应该能够为你提供有关如何申请校园宿舍的信息。宿舍是通常位于校园内或在靠近校园的地方，因此很容易走到教室，并且结交新朋友。校园外住宿是另一种选择。查查你的学校，以及当地报纸的分类广告栏的校外公寓列表，或校内公告，或可能有房屋信息的告示板。

　　英文原文请浏览第二页[page]

Studying abroad in the United States can be an exciting, and also confusing, experience. Many students have submitted questions to us about the ins and outs of studying at a U.S. college or university. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions and general guidelines to help get you started:

　　Q. How can I find and learn more about a program?

A. On the homepage, there are several options for you to narrow your search criteria in order to find your desired program. You can browse by field of study, program level, program format and also by location. Use these search options to find your program of choice.

You may have the option to request information by completing a form with your contact information. This allows the program to contact you and offer you more information. The application process will vary widely with each program, but you will more than likely have to fill out an application form and pay an application fee, among other things. Contact the programs directly with application questions such as application materials, fees and deadlines.

　　Q. How do I receive funding?

A. Funding an education in the U.S. can be expensive, even for U.S.-born students. The funding options available for international students can be very limited and most end up relying on their own assets and contributions from relatives. However, there are avenues available for international students to raise funds to study in the U.S.

Popular U.S. government assistance programs like the Pell Grant and Stafford and PLUS Loans are not available to international students. But the U.S. government may offer aid to students from specific countries. Check with your country’s embassy, the U.S. Department of Stateand your country’s U.S. Agency for International Developmentfield office for more information. Private loans are available to international students on the same terms as those received by U.S. students. Many of the loans, though, will require a co-signer that is either a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident (a Green Card holder).

Your home country’s government may have funding available, though it usually requires you to return home after your studies. Many local private organizations like businesses, foundations or religious groups may also provide financial aid.

There are many organizations and institutions that offer private scholarships, as well. A scholarship is aid given to students that meet special qualifications. Unlike student loans, they do not need to be paid back. Read Funding Your Education in the U.S. for more information.

　　Q. How can I find a sponsor?

A. A sponsor is a third party that provides money to pay for your education. Sponsorships are much less common in the United States and you are more likely to find one in your home country.

An alternative to sponsorship is to look into education investment companies. In education investments, students agree to pay a percentage of their income to the company following graduation in exchange for funding. Two existing companies that provide education investments are Lumni, Inc.and Enzi.

　　Q. Can I work in the U.S. during my studies?

A. Most international students in the U.S. have an F-1 visa, which allows them to work during their studies only under certain circumstances. There are five types of employment you can seek under the strict and complex guidelines of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS) and your student visa:

On-campus employmentis work performed on the school’s premises for your college or university. It does not require USCIS approval, but the opportunities are limited and you may not be able to rely on it to provide you with all of your financial resources for the year.

Optional Practical Training (OPT)is off-campus work directly related to your major area of study. This will require prior authorization from USCIS and your International Student Office. You will also have to follow very strict guidelines.

Curricular Practical Training (CPT)is off-campus work allowed to international students when it is an integral part of their academic program. This is defined as any internship or work program offered by sponsoring employers through a cooperative agreement with your school. The work experience must be required for your degree or academic credit must be awarded.

Severe economic hardshipallows you to work off-campus for up to 20 hours a week while school is in session and full-time during breaks if you are able to provide evidence of hardship under certain USCIS guidelines. Circumstances may include loss of financial aid or on-campus employment without fault on part of the student or unexpected changes in the financial condition of the student’s source of support.

Employment with an International Organizationis often overlooked and allows you to work for recognized international organizations on the official U.S. State Department lists, such as the Red Cross or other similar but less known organizations. The job must be within your field of study, but it does not have to be a required part of your degree program.

Check with your college or university’s International Student Office for more guidance and information on work once you begin your studies.

　　Q. How can I find housing?

A. Start with your school’s campus housing office, which should be able to provide you with information about how to apply for campus dormitories. Dorms are usually located on or near campus, making it easy to walk to class and meet new friends. Off-campus housing is another option. Check out your school and local newspaper’s classified section for off-campus apartment listings or on-campus bulletin or notice boards for possible housing opportunities.

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